◎ 五刑 wǔxíng
[the five chief forms of punishment in ancient China] 我國古代的五種刑罰,通常指墨、劓、宮、大辟,也指笞、杖、徒、流、死
古代五種輕重不等的刑法：(1)? 秦以前為墨、劓、剕、宮、大辟?！稌?shū)經(jīng)．舜典》：「汝作士，五刑有服?！節h．孔安國．傳：「五刑，墨、劓、剕、宮、大辟?！?2)? 秦漢時(shí)為黥、劓、斬左右趾、梟首、菹其骨肉?！稘h書(shū)．卷二三．刑法志》：「令曰：『當三族者，皆先黥、劓、斬左右止、笞殺之，梟其首，菹其骨肉于市。其誹謗詈詛者，又先斷舌?！还手^之具五刑?！?3)? 隋唐以后為死、流、徒、杖、笞?！杜f唐書(shū)．卷五○．刑法志》：「有笞、杖、徒、流、死為五刑?！?4)? 現行刑法分為死刑、無(wú)期徒刑、有期徒刑、拘役、罰金五項。
英語(yǔ) imperial five punishments of feudal China, up to Han times: tattooing characters on the forehead 墨[mo4], cutting off the nose 劓[yi4], amputation of one or both feet 刖[yue4], castration 宮|宮[gong1], execution 大辟[da4 pi4], Han dynasty onwards: whipping 笞[chi1], beating the legs and buttocks with rough thorns 杖[zhang4], forced labor 徒[tu2], exile or banishment 流[liu2], capital punishment 死[si3]